1980 (1979) (1981) (1970-1980) (1980-1990) Table of Contents

Sources

Fred E. Basten An Illustrated Guide to the Legendary Trees of Santa Monica Bay, Graphics Press: Santa Monica, CA, 1980. Unnumbered. 1879  See Text

Fred E. Basten Main St. to Malibu, Yesterday & Today, Graphics Press, Santa Monica, CA, 1980, 1965, 1950, 1942, 1933, 1542     See Text

Carole*, Judy*, Joyce* and Kerry* Recipes from the Pier House, M.J. Book: The Pier House, Ocean Park, Santa Monica, California, December, 1980. 32pp. See Text

Allen David Heskin* After the Battle is Won, Political Contradictions in Santa Monica, UCLA Lecture and unpublished ms. Fall, 1983. 1983, 1982, 1981, 1980, 1979, 1977   See Text

Paul J. Karlstrom and Susan Ehrlich Turning the Tide: Early Los Angeles Modernists 1920-1956, Barry M. Heisler Introduction Santa Barbara Museum of Art 1990, 1980, See Text

Stanton Macdonald-Wright: Prints of the Haiku, 1980 See Image and Text

Deena Metzger, The Warrior, Post Card, FotoFolio, HH20 1980 Photograph by Hella Hammid. FotoFolio Box 661, Canal Sta., NY, NY 10013, KR, 1980 See Image and Text

William Pillin Ocean Park Pavane For A Fading Memory, 1963 reprinted in To The End Of Time, Poems New And Selected (1939-1979), Introduction by Charles Fishman; Illustrations by Polia Pillin, Papa Bach Editions: Los Angeles,1980, 1963.   See Poem

Jenny Pirie*, Peter Kastner* and Jeff Mudrick* A Short History of Ocean Park, Ocean Park Community Organization, 1982, (With a 1983 update.) 15pp. 1983, 1982, 1980  See Text

Documents

 

 

Fred E. Basten An Illustrated Guide to the Legendary Trees of Santa Monica Bay, Graphics Press: Santa Monica, CA, 1980. Unnumbered

Introduction

     John P. Jones donated parklands and in 1879 personally planted a Moreton Bay Fig on the grounds of his estate (Miramar?).

     J.W. Scott, builder of the Arcadia Hotel, donated funds for planting eucalypts along Ocean Ave. They were the original plantings.

     Kinney is credited with massive plantings of eucalyptus trees on Huntington Palisades in Pacific Palisades to see which species would survive in the Bay climate. In 1900, he began Venice.

     George T. Hastings moved to Santa Monica and founded the Santa Monica Nature Club and wrote an early volume on the trees of Santa Monica.

The Trees of Santa Monica Bay

     Pink Cedar (Acrocarpus fraxinifolius) Tall slender tree with a greenish trunk. Leaves in clusters at branch tips, up to 2 ft. long in multi-leaf divisions. New growth red, later green. Rich scarlet blossoms on bare branches in late winter. Native to India. 625 Pier

     White Alder (Alnus rhombifolia) Slender branches that droop gracefully at the tips. Fast growing to 50-80 ft. with a broad spread. Leaves are coarsely toothed 2-4 inches wide. Grows well near streams and ponds. 418 Pier.

     White Bottlebrush (Callistemon salignus) Small shade tree or shrub to 25 ft. with dense crown. Grayish bark tends to peel, revealing gray-red sub-bark beneath. Cream to pale yellow flowers. Strand, Neilson Way to Third.

     Camphor Tree (Cinnamomium camphora) Heavy-trunked tree with upright spreading limbs rich with shiny yellow-green oval leaves (new spring foliage bronze, pink, red) that imparts camphor scent when crushed. Trunk is deep brown and fissured. Native to China, Japan. Grant, Sixth to Lincoln.

     Snail Seed Tree (Cocaulus laurifolius) Multi-trunked (usually) small tree to 25 ft., with rounded growth that spreads to equal width. Oblong leaves, shiny, somewhat leathery, and marked by three veins. Fruit see, enclosed by stone, resembles snail shell. Native to Himalayas. Rand Corp., against north wall of main buildings.)

     Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Leaves large and more sharply veined than Eriobotrya deflexa with undersides a rust-suede in texture and appearance. Yellow to orange 1-2 inch long fruits form following fall flowering period. 2628 Fouth.

     Silver Dollar Eucalyptus (Eucaplytus cineria) Roundish, silvery blue leaves in opposite pairs. Fast growing to 30-40 ft. [2421 Third]

     Bushy Yate (Eucalyptus lehmannii) Extremely dense flat-topped tree to 25 ft., excessively spread. Small oval 2-4 in. long, long leaves light green. Bark brown and rough. Freeway slope adjacent to Rand Corp. parking lot.

     Ficus rubiginosa australis. Similar to Rusty Leaf Ficus but leaves are slightly smaller and less rusty on undersides. Rand Corporation at main entrance.

     Evergreen Ash, Shamel Ash (Fraxinus uhdei) Rapid growing, eventually to 80 ft., with wide spread. Glossy, divided leaved edged with small teeth. Briefly deciduous. Native to Mexico. 1668 Seventh.

     Fernleaf Catalina Ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus asplenifolius) Leaves divided into 3-7 lobed leaflets in reddish-brown branchlets and twigs. New bark rusty red, turning greyish with age; shreds. Native to Southern California's off-shore islands. 2009 Sixth.

     Prickly Paperbark (Melalenca styphelioides) Delicate medium sized tree with broad spread of sharp pointed light green leaves. Short off white brushlike flowers, flaking pale tan bark, with deepening color with age. 1205 Marine, Ocean Park.

     Banana (Musa paradisia seminifera) Tree-like perennial to 20 ft. or more with long, semi-drooping frond like leaves growning in clumps. Greenish-yellow fruits are inedible. 235 Bay.

     [Banana (Musa sapientum), edible banana, Hollister and Main.]

     Pygmy Date Palm (Phoenix roebelenii) Dwarf palm to 6 ft. with small fine-leafed, fan-shaped fronds. Dense rounded fern, native to Indonesia. Santa Monica County Bldg. in planter near main entrance.

     Cape Pittosporum (Pittosporum viridiflorum) Small tree or shrub to 25 ft. with dense, shiny foliage of dark green. Yellowish-green flowers in thick clusters at branch tips. Orangish fruits with sticky red seeds. Native to S. Africa. 413 Raymond.

     Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) Medium to large deciduous tree. Fairly open in form; minimal branches, thorned with deeply fissured bark. Leaves are divided into many short leaflets. Fragrant white spring flowers hang in dense clusters. Native to eastern U.S. 579 Ashland.

     Giant Yucca (Yucca elephantipes; Y. gigantea) Fast growing to great heights and not compact. Deep green clusters of narrow, dull tipped leaves to four feet, long, top distorted, out reaching trunks. Unusual "swollen" base shape. Have spring spikes of off-white flowers. Native to Mexico. Santa Monica City Hall, north lawn.

Care and Maintenance of the City Trees

     There are an estimated 26,000 trees in Santa Monica.

 

 

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Fred E. Basten Main St. to Malibu, Yesterday & Today, Graphics Press, Santa Monica, CA, 1980

Introduction:

     "In 1975, Santa Monica celebrated its 100th anniversary. The year-long centennial celebration . . . touched the residents . . . and activated a deep interest in the . . . development of the entire Bay area.

     "If the centennial's great success proved one thing it was that the people of Santa Monica Bay . . . truly cared about their unique surroundings. Their home was more than just the idyllic place to live.

     " . . .

     "There was a wide appreciation of Santa Monica Bay: The First 100 Years.

     " . . . [yet] "many historical sights and scenes were overlooked."

Photograph. and caption. Bronze Bust of Santa Monica's John P. Jones, standing near the mid-point of the Third St. Mall. Part of Jones gift to the city were Palisades Park and Lincoln Park. pp. 6 and 7

 Photograph and caption. Santa Monica's oldest masonry building was erected in October, 1875 as a tavern by William Rapp. Known as Rapp's Saloon it served as the town hall from May, 1887, to January, 1899. 1438 Second St., p. 8

 Photograph and caption. Southern Pacific excursion trains pull into the Santa Monica depot, 1892, just north of the small hotel (cheapest and best meals) at the corner of Railroad and Ocean Avenues, which would become the Santa Monica Hotel before 1900. p. 19

 Photographs and caption. The new Santa Monica Hotel, ca. 1898, which competed with the beachfront Arcadia Hotel, just to the west, and the Hotel Ross (Groceries and Delicacies: Dining Room: Cheapest & Best Place in Town, Meals). pp. 20 and 21.

 Photograph and caption. The 1898 Ocean Avenue Streetcar Line traveled south along the present Neilson Way and Pacific Street to Venice, Playa del Rey and more distant South Bay communities. p. 23

 Photograph and caption. Ocean Park's Main Street, looking north from Pier Avenue, 1901. Metropole Hotel and The (?)ammel, across the street. p. 29

 Photographs and caption. Historic residence of Roy Jones, son of Santa Monica's founder was moved from its original site in the 1000 block of Ocean Av. to the corner of Main St. andd Ocean Park Blvd. in March 1977. The Victorian-style home was fully restored for official opening in October, 1980, as Heritage Square Museum. One photo show the Jones home as it appeared at the turn of the century. pp. 30 and 31.

 Photograph and caption. Tea gardens, cafes, curio shops, even real estate offices on Pier Av. in Ocean Park, 1905. Dales Bros. Groceries; Manuel-Lopez, Habana Cigar 5c; Casino; Restaurant; Sunset Tel and Telegraph, Pay Station; Japanese Tea Gardens and Art Curio Rooms, entrance on the Pier, Ice cream with Japan, Crackers? Japanese Wafers 10c; Ocean Park Improvement Co., Beach Lots; Cooky's ? Grill Room?; Across Pier or the Pier, Capacity 100, Entrance from Pier on a three story building., 1905 p. 32

 Photograph and caption. Santa Monica Third St. and Utah (Broadway) second floor, Steere's Opera House. p. 35

 Photograph and caption. "The mosque-like Ocean Park Bathhouse. 1910. Casino Cafe, p. 36

 Photographs and caption: "Ocean Front Walk, looking south toward Fraser's Pier, 1910."

"Fraser's Million Dollar Pier, taken from the roof of the nearby Ocean Park Bath House, 1910. Angelotti's Hungarian Orchestra was appearing in the huge over-the-water auditorium (left) while, at the pier entrance, the Starland Theater featured vaudeville." The Breakers Cafe is immediately to the north of the Starland Theater on the Pier. p. 37

 Photographs and caption: "Souvenir menu presented to "Race Drivers, Friends of the Newspapers and Race Officials" of the 1915 Venice Grand Prix. the luncheon was held at the Ship Cafe on the Venice Pier, a short distance from the beachfront road, Speedway, named after the once-annual event. Venice, Cal. Grand Prix Free For All 300 miles Wed. March 17 St. Patricks Day. Ship Cafe: Lobster cocktail, Ripe Olives, Celery en Branche; Coney Island Clam Chowder; Baked Chicken; Halibut Colbert; Risolle Potatoes; Combination Fish Salad; Plum Pudding, Hard Sauce; Cheese and Crackers; Cafe Noir.

Santa Monica, too, had its road races as seen in this 1912 shot taken near the Ocean Av. grandstands. Many great drivers of the day, including Barney Oldfield and Ralph de Palma, took part in the pre-World War competition. p. 41

 Photograph and caption. The old Ocean Park Fire House . . . still stands at the corner of Rose Av. and Main St. p. 46

 Photograph of 1920 advertisement. Hotel Cadillac; B.F. & M.S. Green, Props.; B.F. Green, Mgr.; Ocean Front at Dudley; Venice, California, Phone 63165 {Six stories} "Unobstructed View of the Pacific and [ ] Wonderful Sunsets" p.48

 Photograph and caption. Ocean Park Beach, early 1920s. "Sunny days drew large crowds . . . At night the throngs moved indoors to dance in the cavernous ballrooms along the beach fronts and on the piers." King George Hotel. Roof Garden Cafe. p. 56

 Photographs and captions. Egyptian Ballroom, Ocean Park. {Note the classic lines}

1924 advertisement: Dance at the Rendezvous Ball Room Crystal Beach Foot of Strand St. p. 57

 Photograph and caption: Ornate interior of the La Monica Ballroom on the Santa Monica Pier, 1924. With a capacity for 10, 000 persons, it is said to have been the world's largest dance arena of its kind." p. 58

 Photograph and caption: Don Clark and his La Monica Orchestra Dancing Every Night in the Year Evenings at 7:30-Usual Matinees 2:30 Loge Seat Reservations-Phone 24965 Santa Monica Pier At Colorado Av." p. 59

 Photograph and caption: Proposed Santa Monica breakwater, 1926 . . . despite the Great Depression a bond issue was passed to build a breakwater opposite the end of the Municipal Pier. The first attempt was a disaster and the tied concrete caisons, set into sandbars, broke away with the heavy currents. In 1933, construction on a 2,000-foot rock breakwater was begun. Again, heavy seas won out, ripping away the upper portion so that today only a portion is visible at high tide. The remaining breakwater's only benefit, over the years, has been to change the natural sand-carrying currents in the area, thus greatly widening the beach." p. 60

On page 61 there is a map of the proposed 1926 plan that indicates Central Av. instead of Ocean Park Blvd.

 Photograph and caption. Santa Monica College, formally established as a junior college in 1929, was originally housed in a few upstairs rooms of the high school at Seventh and Michigan Av. In 1945, the city's adult education program, the old Santa Monica Technical School and the junior college were merged and, eight years later, these divisions were eliminated alllowing the college to function administratively as a unified institution. . . . ." p. 66

 Photograph and caption. Looking south from the Santa Monica Pier, ca. 1930, the La Monica Ballroom, the Grand Hotel?, the Breakers?, the Del Mar Club. p. 69

 Photograph and caption. 1929 Santa Monica's roller coaster and The Whip on the Newcomb (Loof) Pier along with the Loof Hippdrome, with a difficult to identify cafeteria sign facing the land and parking sites. p. 70

 Photographs and caption. Hippodrome without the domes on top of the towers. "In its 50-plus years of operation, the pier's famous merry-go-round has been seen in many films (here, on the set of The Sting, 1973).

The carousel features 46 handmade horses imported from Germany and the oldest organ in the country, built in 1900 by the Wurlitzer Company." P. 71

 Photograph and caption. "Santa Monica's Main Street city hall opened in 1938 on property acquired from the Southern Pacific Railway Company. The new facility, with its spacious Art Deco-tiled lobby, replaced the older quarters then located at the northwest corner of Fourth St. and Santa Monica Blvd." p. 74

 Photograph and caption. "Headquarters for Associated Telephone Company (now General Telephone at 155 Marine St.-now Barnard Way, just west of Neilson Way, in Ocean Park. Used today as a switching station, the building's appearance, with its filled in windows and main entry, has changed considerably since the early 1930's. At that time, Bank of Ocean Park had the corner location." p. 74

 Photographs and captions. "Searchlights and anti-aircraft guns comb the sky for unseen enemy over Bay area on February 25, 1942. Photo, snapped during a wartime blackout, clearly shows blobs of light made by exploding shells." p. 78

"Marker commemorating the 400th anniversary of the founding of Santa Monica Bay by Juan Cabrillo on October 8, 1542, stands in Palisades Park at the foot of California Av." p. 78

 Photograph and Caption: Plaque in Palisades Park at the terminal end of "the Main Street of America," Route 66 (Santa Monica Blvd.)" "Will Rogers Highway, Dedicated 1952 to Will Rogers Humorist-World Traveler-Good Neighbor. The Main Street of America Highway 66 was the first road he traveled in a career that led him straight to the hearts of his countrymen." p. 82

 Photograph and caption. "The new Venice Pier, at the foot of Washington Blvd. was officially dedicated on February 27, 1965. The old pier, off Windward Av., was removed in 1946." p. 87

 Photographs and caption. "Damaged, abandoned P.O.P. amusement pier and faded storefronts along Ocean Front Walk, 1974, are reminders of another era when crowds jammed the once popular fun zone. The area was cleared several years later, providing an uninterrupted sweep of the beach." p. 94

 Photograph and caption. "Construction on the original central section of Santa Monica's County Building, on the grassy slope adjacent to City Hall, began in 1950. Shortly, after, the north wing was added. In 1964, the larger south wing was dedicated." p. 96

 Photograph and caption. "Santa Monic Civic Auditorium, home of the Academy Awards presentation during the 1960s, is today one of the Southland's most active spots for concerts and exhibitions." p. 103

 Photographs and caption. "Starting in the 1970s, Ocean Park's Main Street experienced a renaissance, spurred by a contemporary spirit and an influx of new buisness. Adding to the existing creative climate were an array of distinctive antique and specialty shops, art galleries and uniquely themed restaurants." Pictured is Merlin McFly's at Hill and Main; Main St. U.S.A., Advertiques Country Store Old Toys; Paper Palace, Swell Shoes, pp. 104 and 105

 Photographs and caption. "A new expression in decorative arts was born in the Venice-Ocean Park area of the 1960s. Over the next decade, wall murals of the beachfront communities began receiving deserved attention. Here, there varied and prime examples." Venice Fine Arts Squad's Windward Ave.; Rose Mural; Venice Pavilion? pp. 114, 115

 Photograph and caption. "Santa Monica Place, dramatic new three-level shopping mall covering two city blocks, consists of over 150 shops, services and restaurants, two major department stores, park-like courts and pedestrian walkways with fountains, pools and plantings of trees, shrubs and flowers. The huge center opened in late 1980." p. 118

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Carole*, Judy*, Joyce* and Kerry* Recipes from the Pier House, M.J. Book: The Pier House, Ocean Park, Santa Monica, California, December, 1980. 32pp.

"Dedicated . . . To our mothers, Glendoris**, Dee**, Marie** and Faye** who fed us good food and taught us good manners

"And to all of the friends of the Pier House."

Sample recipes:

Chili Sauce From Wisconsin-For Canning

Add . . .

Bring to rolling boil. Simmer for 3 hrs or til thick, stirring occasionally. Makes about 8 pints.

Suzanne's Chili

Veggies (sliced or chopped celery, onion, green pepper, zuchini, parsley, carrots, etc. - use your imagination & refrigerator)

Saute veggies with chili powder & salt in oil. Squeeze tomatoes & add with tomato sauce & kidney beans. Stir & cook. Taste. Add garlic salt, salt & pepper to taste and add more chili powder if needed. Cook 1 hr (or whatever you can spare). At end throw in beer.

(Cannibal version)

Same as above, but brown ground beef in with sauteed green pepper, onion, celery & parsley.

Helpful Household Hints . . .

Take the hassle of measuring out shortening and channel it into a creative solution. If you need 1/3 cup of shortening, fill a measuring cup 2/3 full of water. Then add globs of shortening until water hits 1 cup mark. Voila! 1/3 cup of shortening with no mus or fuss!!

. . . substitute 3 T cocoa and 1 T oil or margerine for 1 oz of chocolate.

. . .

When peeling tomatoes for that special dish, spear tomato with a fork. Grab the end of the fork with a pot holder & hold the tomato over the [gas] range burner til tomato skin cracks. Then peel. . .

{ *Carole Sue*; July Abdo*; Joyce Helen*; Kerryann Lobell*}

{** Glendoris Weigman; Dee Fraynd; Marie Shamlian; Faye Reznicow}

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Allen David Heskin* After the Battle is Won, Political Contradictions in Santa Monica, UCLA Lecture and unpublished ms. Fall, 1983. 1983, 1982, 1981, 1980, 1979, 1977

     "SMRR's early mobilization of people was extraordinary. In my random survey of 729 renters in Santa Monica in late 1979 and early 1980, an extraordinary 23% of the respondents reported they had been either active in the tenant movement or been otherwise politically active. The Santa Monican's for Renters' Rightss ended its first campaign with nearly five thousand names in its files of those who had helped.

     " . . .

     "The result of this effort was an exceptional sense of efficacy in the Santa Monica renter population. Nearly half of the Santa Monica tenants I interviewed believed that if tenants became active and organized they could be very successful in gaining more rights. Another 40% responded that they would be somewhat successful. The question was no longer could it be done, but whether the tenant population wanted it done and was willing to work for it.

     "They were willing to vote in unusually higher percentages. Nationwide, tenants vote only half as often as homeowners. In Santa Monica, with the help of computer-aided voter identification and massive get out the vote campaigns, only a few percentage points separated the two populations. Also, the tenant were willing to vote as SMMR directed. Nearly two thirds of those interviewed said they would be likely to vote for candidates recommended by their tenant organization, with only 10% saying they were not at all likely to follow SMRR's lead.

     "This rosy picture, however, was not without its thorns. While the majority of the renter population was moving into the SMRR camp, there were those adamantly against the change, with 16.5% actually against rent control. When asked what were the major problems in the neighborhood, several respondents answered that radical rent control organizers were the number one neighborhood problem.

     "Comparing the results of my survey in Santa Monica to a parallel study in Los Angeles County as a whole, the overall impression is one of politicalization and polarization in Santa Monica. The right (conservatives and moderates) moved to the right, and those on the left (liberals and progressives) moved to the left. Politics became more aligned with political identity than is the custom in this country. All this seemed to indicate that SMRR might have topped out and, needed to change people's overall political belief system in order to gain more votes. It also meant that they would have to take good care of the supporters they had."

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Paul J. Karlstrom and Susan Ehrlich Turning the Tide: Early Los Angeles Modernists 1920-1956, Barry M. Heisler Introduction Santa Barbara Museum of Art 1990

Lee Mullican (b. 1919), 1990, 1980, 1980s, 1961, 1960, 1954, 1952, 1942,

     "Born in Chickasha, Oklahoma on 2 December 1919, Mullican developed an interest in art in his teens which he nurtured with coursework at universities in Texas and Oklahoma. Subsequently, he trained for a year at the Kansas City Art Institute and earned his diploma in 1942. Later that year he entered the Army Corps of Engineers. Serving as a topographic draftsman in the California desert, the South Pacific, and Japan, he constructed maps and photomosaics from aerial photographs. . . .

     " . . . Mullican . . . settled in Los Angeles [in 1952].

     " . . . In 1954 he joined Rachel Rosenthal's Instant Theater . . .

     " . . .

     "A Guggenheim Fellowship in 1960 enabled the artist to stay in Rome (where he established a friendship with Rico Lebrun) . . . By 1961, he was back in Los Angeles, conducting summer school classes at the University of Southern California, enjoying a retrospective at the Pasadena Art Museum, and joining the faculty of the University of California at Los Angeles where he currently teaches.

     " . . . In 1980 Mullican was awarded a thirty-year retrospective at the Los Angeles Municipal Gallery in Barnsdall Park, and eight year later enjoyed a two-man show with his son Matt . . . at the University of New Mexico. At the close of the 1980s, he was honored with a retrospective at the Heritage Museum in Santa Monica . . ." p. 146

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Stanton Macdonald-Wright: Prints of the Haiku, 1980

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Deena Metzger, The Warrior, 1980

Deena Metzger, The Warrior, Post Card, FotoFolio, HH20 1980 Photograph by Hella Hammid. FotoFolio Box 661, Canal Sta., NY, NY 10013, KR, 1980 Proceeds from the sale of this card benefit the Women's Cancer Resource Center, Berkeley, CA. Poster Available, Tree, P.O. Box 186, Topanga, CA 90290. c. FotoFolio Box 661, Canal Sta., NY, NY 10013, KR, 1980

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William Pillin Ocean Park Pavane For A Fading Memory, 1963 reprinted in To The End Of Time, Poems New And Selected (1939 - 1979) Introduction by Charles Fishman; Illustrations by Polia Pillin, Papa Bach Editions: Los Angeles,1980, 1963.

William Pillin

Ocean Park

                         -0-  

     "William Pillin was born December 3, 1910, in what is now Zaporozhe in the Ukraine, the oldest son of Elconon and Anna Pillin. . . . In 1917, [the family] moved to Simferopol, Crimea, . . . arriving in Chicago in 1923 . . .

     " . . . [in 1927] he met Polia, a Polish immigrant who worked in the millinary trade and studied painting and sculpture in the evenings. . . .

     "In the mid-thirties, Pillin found a job with the Writer's Project of the WPA and worked on various state guidebooks, including those to Iowa, Illinois, and New Mexico. From 1936 to 1939, he and Polia lived on a farm in Santa Fe, New Mexico. . . . They had their only son, Boris, who became a musician. . . .

     " . . . [they ] discovered ceramics at the Art Institute of Chicago. . . . [they moved to Los Angeles in the 1950s.]"

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Jenny Pirie*, Peter Kastner* and Jeff Mudrick* A Short History of Ocean Park, Ocean Park Community Organization, 1982, (With a 1983 update.) 15pp. 1983, 1982, 1980

     "Not long after the Congress, the new organization helped achieve a major victory for Ocean Park, by getting a moratorium on commercial development on Main Street that lasted from January through October of 1980. During that time, residents and merchants worked together to develop the Main Street Plan which the City used as a guide to zoning commercial development on Main Street.

     "That same year, neighbors won the first round in the battle for preferential parking - a way of assuring Ocean Park residents the right to park near their homes.

     "Organizing efforts continued through 1980. a summertime Energy Fair drew people from all over the community. Late in the year, neighbors rallied at the base of the Pico drain to protest the dumping of toxic chemicals. By the time of the second OPCO Congress - November 15, 1980 - neighbors in the Pico Corridor, with help and encouragement from OPCO, had begun organizing themselves into their own neighborhood organization - the Pico Neighborhood Association."

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